At an international forum, the person on your left may be from Tokyo and the person on your right from Nairobi, São Paulo or Berlin. Differences in how people communicate are part of what makes these events so enriching, and a little awareness helps every conversation get off to a good start.

Greetings

A handshake is the most common greeting at international business events, but its firmness and length vary between cultures, and some people prefer not to shake hands for religious or personal reasons. A simple approach works well: follow the other person's lead. A smile, a nod and a friendly greeting are always appropriate.

Names and titles

Naming conventions differ around the world. In some cultures the family name comes first; in others people use two family names. When in doubt, ask politely how someone prefers to be addressed, and use titles such as Dr. or Professor until you are invited to use a first name. Taking care to pronounce a name correctly is a sign of respect that people notice.

Business cards

In many countries, business cards are exchanged casually. In others, particularly in parts of East Asia, the exchange is more formal: cards are offered and received with both hands, and it is polite to look at the card for a moment before putting it away carefully. Treating every card with care is a safe habit everywhere.

Communication styles

Some cultures value direct, explicit communication, while others rely more on context and politeness, and a clear "no" may be expressed indirectly. Listen carefully, avoid interrupting and confirm important points in writing after the meeting. When English is not everyone's first language, speak clearly, avoid idioms and allow time for people to respond.

Personal space and gestures

Comfortable conversational distance, eye contact and gestures differ from one culture to another. A gesture that is friendly in one country can be confusing or even rude in another, so keep your body language open and neutral when you are unsure.

Punctuality

Attitudes to time vary, but at an international forum the program sets the rhythm. Arrive on time for sessions and meetings, and let people know if you are running late. Being reliable is one of the simplest ways to build a good reputation.

Food, drink and humour

Many delegates follow dietary rules for religious, health or ethical reasons, and not everyone drinks alcohol. Never pressure anyone to eat or drink something. Humour builds rapport, but jokes about politics, religion or national stereotypes are best avoided.

Nobody expects you to know every custom. What people appreciate is curiosity, respect and a willingness to learn, and those qualities are welcome in every culture.